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Mine engineering is a core component of mine construction and production, encompassing the excavation and extension of vertical shafts, inclined shafts, and horizontal tunnels, as well as subsequent maintenance, expansion, and reinforcement. Mine environments are complex, construction conditions are limited, and safety requirements are extremely high. While traditional blasting excavation can achieve large-scale rock breaking, it is associated with significant vibration, strong disturbance, a high risk of gas and coal dust explosions, and high ventilation pressure. Hydraulic breakers, as efficient, safe, and environmentally friendly rock breaking equipment, have been widely used in mine construction and renovation in recent years, becoming an important supplement and alternative to mechanized mine excavation.

Advantages

1. High Safety

They avoid the risks of fire, shock waves, and gas diffusion associated with explosive blasting, making them particularly suitable for mines with high-risk conditions such as gas and coal dust.

2. Low Disturbance

The impact force is concentrated and controllable, minimizing disturbance to the surrounding rock and helping to maintain the stability of the shaft wall and tunnel.

3. Flexible Construction

Can be installed on excavators, loaders, or specialized trolleys of varying tonnages, adapting to complex construction environments such as narrow, inclined, and curved areas.

4. Environmentally Friendly

No blasting vibration or harmful gases, and relatively low dust and noise levels, making it more compliant with green mine construction requirements.

5. Versatile

In addition to rock breaking, it can also be used for slag removal, concrete lining removal, boulders removal, and old shaft repair, offering a "one-machine-multi-functional" design.

Application Scenarios

1. Shaft Excavation

Shafts are the primary ventilation, hoisting, and transportation channels in mines. The rock formations are hard and require high shaft wall stability.

Applications: Hydraulic breakers replace some blasting operations, breaking rock layer by layer and minimizing shaft wall disturbance. They are also used to clear boulders and irregular protruding rock at the shaft bottom, ensuring smooth lining construction.

2. Inclined Shaft and Ramp Construction

Inclined shafts connect the surface to the ore body, serving both transportation and often encountering complex geological conditions.

Application: In areas where coal and rock are mixed, hydraulic breakers can effectively break up hard interlayers and boulders, preventing roof loosening or collapse caused by blasting.

3. Tunnel Excavation

Tunnels are underground transportation, ventilation, and drainage channels that run through the entire ore body.

Application: Hydraulic breakers can achieve precise rock breaking in coal-rock mixed areas, minimizing disturbance to the roof and sides. They can also rapidly break up hard rock strata, ensuring efficient excavation.

4. Mine Maintenance and Expansion

Old mines often require expansion, deepening, or repair of damaged tunnels.

Application: Hydraulic breakers are used to remove old concrete linings, break up collapsed rock, and address deformed areas, creating conditions for secondary excavation and reinforcement.

5. Clearing Large Rocks and Obstacles Underground

During hoisting, transportation, or excavation, large rocks often block transportation channels or become lodged in chutes.

Application: Hydraulic breakers can directly break rock into small pieces, facilitating shipment and ensuring continuous production.

6. Mine Closure and Abandonment

When a mine is abandoned or some tunnels are decommissioned, the shaft and passageways must be dismantled or sealed.

Application: Hydraulic breakers can efficiently break up wellhead structures, concrete plugs, and reinforced foundations, improving the safety and efficiency of abandoned mine disposal.

Construction Considerations

Equipment Selection: Given limited underground space, a hydraulic breaker paired with a small or medium-sized excavator should be selected to ensure flexible operation.

Segmented Construction: Rock is broken layer by layer to avoid large-scale crushing that could cause roof or surrounding rock instability.

Ventilation and Dust Removal: Enhance local ventilation during operations and, if necessary, incorporate wet operations to reduce dust concentrations.

Support Coordination: Crushing operations should be coordinated with support operations to ensure the safety of tunnels and shaft walls.

Safety Monitoring: Real-time monitoring of surrounding rock stability and gas concentrations is performed to prevent secondary disasters.

The application of hydraulic breakers in mine engineering embodies the development direction of modern mining construction: "safety, environmental protection, and efficiency." Hydraulic breakers not only replace high-risk blasting processes but also play a multifunctional role in vertical, inclined, and horizontal shaft construction, as well as in mine maintenance and expansion. As mine mechanization and intelligentization advance, hydraulic breakers will be more widely used in mine construction, production, and renovation, becoming a vital piece of equipment supporting the sustainable development of the mining industry.